Carrefour Strategic Management

Executive Summary Carrefour has been a major player in the UAE, where it exists as a partnership between Carrefour parent company and Majid Al Futtaim group. The report shows that there is a major opportunity in online shopping, and with its large inventory of products and a well-coordinated supply chain, the company is in a good position to take advantage of the online trend.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Carrefour Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can do so by setting up an elaborate e-commerce platform that allows shoppers in the UAE to order goods to their respective addresses within the country. The report also identifies threat of rivalry as the main competitive issue to consider. Meanwhile the biggest limitations for the company as its surging labor costs while one of the most viable solution is to work on supply chain efficiencies to increase profit margins and also win customers based on price discounts. Brief description of the organization This report covers Carrefour. This is an international retailer and it has several hypermarket chains that originated in France in 1957. The company has been actively moving towards dominating the global retail market with several new stores in most promising markets for the retail business around the world. Carrefour entered the United Arab Emirates (UAE) market in 1995 and it has been actively performing in the retail segment of the country. The company first entered into the country with a mission on expansion to the rest of the Middle East. In Dubai, it relies on a joint venture with Majid Al Futtaim group that allows it to grow rapidly and cover the entire country and its neighbors (Carrefour UAE para. 1-4). External analysis Current and potential opportunities Customers can shop on the company’s e-commerce website and then pick their mode of delivery. An option could be a hybrid of e-commerce and tradition al shopping. In this case, customers will shop online but after making payment, they will go to the store to collect their goods after they are packaged. The advantage of the strategy is that it reduces the time needs to process payments as the customer does not have to queue. The company recently established a web store for its UAE market that allows customers to shop and pay for goods with various electronic payment solutions such as credit cards and PayPal. The store offers customers with a wide selection of goods that are also in its physical outlets. Customers are able to use the website to move virtually through the store to know what to expect when they are physically in the store. The company’s online website is not very competitive compared to other global retail brands such as Amazon.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a big opportunity of using the r eputation of Carrefour as a global retailer to promote the presence of its UAE online store. This should lead to increased sales and more customer intelligence that can help the company come up with new strategies on being ahead of the competition in meeting customer needs. Carrefour can work with local suppliers to recognize local products and allow its customers to contribute to the development of community sensitive projects. For example, it can use its product origin and traceability systems to include a made-locally label that allows customers to make purchase decisions based on their need to support local businesses in the UAE. This strategy will help the firm increase its reputation as a caring and development partner for the economy of the UAE. It will also enable the firm to reduce the power that local suppliers have against it in market dynamics. With the strategy, Carrefour will obtain an upper negotiating position for goods pricing, and this will go towards increasing it s ability to offer discounts to price-sensitive shoppers. Current and potential threats The current threat facing Carrefour comes from its competition. Business rivalry threatens the market share of the company and its profit margin. Should the company continue operating with its present strategy and scale of the business, it risks losing a significant portion of its market to new entrants that already have a global presence, as well as local retail companies. The major cities in the UAE, including Dubai and Abu Dhabi are home to many expatriate workers. This significant population is also a key attraction for retail chains that seek to achieve a Middle East success with the UAE as their main center of operation. They see the market is ripe for investments because of its high labor supply for the industry and its high disposable income that can support businesses growth (Scott para. 6-8). Despite the attractiveness of the region, economic growth slowdown has led to increased costs o f living for many people in the UAE as companies adjust their business forecasts and limit their expenditures. A slowdown in economic growth affects the disposable income of individuals and makes it more expensive to existing business to operate as costs of labor does not fall in accordance with economic performance. The Carrefour UAE operations have to consider the high cost of labor and raw materials such as packing bags given that cheap plastic bags are not usable in UAE (Salma para. 1-2). While hiring talents employees is important, the business must also consider additional options for outsourcing to ensure that it does not remain exposed to the recurrent cost expenditure in a significant way.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Carrefour Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impact of national culture and conditions on the organization National culture affects the employment relations and norm al business operations. The company has to follow Islamic timings for its store opening and closing. It also observes local religious holidays and moral practices when dealing with human resource issues. Internal analysis Strengths and how they will be used The company has a global reputable brand and it will use the brand to increase its sales in the UAE. It is also the most internationalized retailer in the emirates and this helps it offer a rich global experience to its shoppers. It is able to attract local shoppers seeking to experience a global shopping outing and get items from many countries around the world. The internationalized concept also helps the firm attract new and talented staffs from around the world. It is able to sustain its position as preferred employer. The company dominates the top three positions of retail chains in the UAE and the global market. Its hypermarket strategy allows the company to offer a wide range of goods from all over the world. Being a big c ompany, the company has made numerous supply chain partnerships that allow it to offer its own-label portfolio. The range of products is in some of the fastest selling consumables in retail business and the products have created a market perception of price and quality by its customers. Its early mover advantage into the UAE market has also been helping the company grow fast as it is yet to face significant competition among the global retail brands. Therefore, many consumers in the UAE seeking to shop at a global recognized outlet (Carrefour UAE Para. 6-8). The company has been exploring strategic acquisitions as a growth strategy and it runs a multi-format strategy. It is able to sustain the sale of fresh food in all its outlets by working with reliable suppliers and ensuring that its staffs are well versed with all demands of a particular market. Maintaining close relationships with suppliers in all its services range enables the company to be able to respond to price changes and demand changes effectively. Its retail business succeeds because the company is able to consider many inputs in the cost of products such as the value of foreign currencies in the UAE and the cost of transportation and storage of various goods imported from around the world.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With a target on the middle and low-income groups, the company sustains its operations by having its private label products that utilize economies of scale to sell at discounted prices.  Another strength of the company arises from the high quality trained staffs that is able to offer high quality maintenance services and customer care services throughout its business including its supermarket and hypermarkets. The company has a governance structure that allows both the local and global management departments to respond to emerging issues fast, and this should help it to tame any threats that it faces in the growing UAE retail market. Weaknesses and how they will be minimized The company lacks a comprehensive retail chain presence, this jeopardizes its strategy of benefiting from economies of scale, and offering discounts to its low-income shoppers suffers due to its limited retail presence. However, there are possibilities of limiting the business vulnerability.  The company has an option of entering into more deals with local real estate companies to ensure that it gains a retail presence in upcoming developments like malls within the UAE. Modern designated shopping areas are key attractions to shoppers of different kinds. They provide a company like Carrefour with the best option for growing its customer traffic in the medium-term. The company relies on its staffs to provide customers with a high quality experience. Any misunderstandings between staffs and customers, or negligence and bad behavior by staffs have the potential to ruin customer relations. The company continues to minimize this weakness by constantly training staffs. It also has elaborate supervision frameworks. The in-store supervisors and production monitoring systems also help to highlight staff shortcomings in customer care. Based on the results that Carrefour gets from its appraisal system, it is able to minimize the weakness of poor quality of service delivery by staffs. However, it s till has to continue with on-the-job training programs to ensure that new staffs quickly adapt to the company tradition. Training should also concentrate on equipping staffs with cultural skills that let them deal with the UAE customers according to their cultural background expectations. The global retail industry is moving to an online platform and the UAE as a market has become a prime location for embracing online shopping. Presence of high internet speeds and a significant number of customers who are conversant with internet technologies makes the country ideal for investment in online shopping. A major weakness for Carrefour is that is has been lagging in its approach to online shopping and could be missing its competitive advantages. The firm needs to develop an online presence so that it rapidly scales its presence in the short-term. Customers also expect the company to have a serviceable online strategy. Five-forces analysis Bargaining power of suppliers Carrefour has a maj or advantage over its suppliers because it has the potential to change its suppliers for various inputs. The brands sold in the retail outlets belonging to the company come from different suppliers. All suppliers have an intention to reach customers and the Carrefour business is a platform allowing them to do so. Therefore, there is high competition among the suppliers and this competition causes Carrefour to get the upper hand in bargaining. In addition to that, the company enjoys low switching costs for its supplies including the labor and other service providers. Any changes in pricing by suppliers will not lead to a significant strain by the company due to the possibility of changing service providers or supply chain partners. A high volume capacity that Carrefour offers to suppliers is makes it a preferred partner and this option motivates suppliers to enter into long-term discount agreements that allow Carrefour to operate profitable. In conclusion, suppliers lack bargaining p ower. Bargaining power of customers Customers to the retail outlets in UAE have nothing that ties them to a particular brand other than loyalty. They are free to shop anywhere and still get identical products. Many customers consider shopping convenience or the price of goods as the main influences of their purchase decisions. They also consider the distance to the store and the type of shopping that they are going to do. The availability of parking space is also an issue that can influence a buyer’s decision. In the e-commerce segment, customer consider the speed of loading a website, the ease of browsing the site and checkout, as well as the shipping options availed by the company. Based on the above understanding of the customer in UAE, Carrefour faces significant bargaining power from customers. It cannot increase the prices of items unless its rivals also do so. At the same time, it has to consider carefully areas for setting up its stores because of the foot and vehicle traffic potential. The store layout and the presence of amenities are other considerations that the company has to make, and in some instances, it may have to meet the cost of setting them up. Threat of existing rivalry The exit barriers for the business are low and weak firms can leave the UAE market without losing too much capital. At the same time, the strong firms have to keep investing in their potential growth to sustain their market share. Currently the UAE market has a high competition in the middle class retail market segment. The demand for retail store space is increasing as the population increases. Rivals are diversifying their targets with different stores for different market segments. Depending on the location of a store, a firm can target high net worth individuals or low-income spenders. On the other hand, the vacancy rates for retail space are low and this in an indication of high competition in the industry. Forecasts that show the retail business being immune t o the declining oil prices form part of the reasons why many businesses in the industry are increasing their investments. Carrefour UAE operations have to expand at every possible opportunity just to keep up with the growth trend; otherwise, the business will lose its market share (Oxford Business Group Para. 11). Threat of substitutes Many consumer product companies are opting to set up independent stores in popular malls around the city. At the same time, specialty stores in electronics, grocery, and furniture are also located in most malls that also have hypermarkets. Therefore, customers have a choice of where they can purchase their products. Nevertheless, the hypermarket option still allows customers to enjoy the convenience of all products being under one room. They can compare prices and enjoy a traditional shopping experience. In addition to that, in long-end market segments, hypermarkets win for their ability to offer store-branded product at a reduced price. Carrefour use s the same strategy and therefore only faces moderate threat from substitutes. Threat of new competitors The entry of new players in the UAE retail industry is eminent. However, new companies will likely target a city before expanding to the entire country. This gradual entry and expansion strategy gives established players like Carrefour time to respond with counter competitive strategies. In this regard, the threat of new competitors is moderate. The shortage of retail spaces in the major cities of the UAE is also a factor that weakens the threat by new competitors. However, competitors that have a strong global brand and an online presence can easily penetrate the market as customers adjust quickly to meet their preferences and need for identifies with people in other developed countries in North America and Europe. Efficiency A radio frequency identification solution for monitoring inventory within stores and along supply chains allows the company to meet its logistical demands. Its warehouses connect with its central logistics hub in Dubai and the company can manage purchase orders from the hub thus reducing communication lags. Quality Carrefour maintains a log of product movement throughout the processing and stocking in its outlets. It can pin point the position of a product in its supply chain and is able to determine the quality of the product at every stage of the retail process. Relying on reputable suppliers and training staffs on quality handling of products and customers ensures that they company builds on its competitive advantages. Innovation Carrefour UAE loyalty card is one of the innovative products by the company seeking to collect customer intelligence and increase repeat customer transactions. The shopping website targeting UAE customers is also an innovative approach at meeting customer expectation and bypassing limitations of a physical store presence in every part of the country. Customer responsiveness Presence on popular social media networks like Facebook allows Carrefour to respond to customer queries in a fast and informal ways that also works as a public relations activity. The company also maintains hotlines and customer desks at its physical stores to collect feedback and handle customer issues. Customers also have a self-service website platform to handle their queries and management of their cards. They can also manage their online shopping accounts without the need for a direct contact with a customer care representative. Discussion on distinctive competencies of the firm From the discussion presented in the preceding sections, Carrefour’s distinctive competencies are its own-label brands and its central hub logistics processing system. They offer the firm the ability to be different from the competition and to cut costs significantly. Rivalry is a major factor to consider in the firm’s business environment and an efficient logistics system allows Carrefour to be responsive enough to meet its competitive demands. However, rivals can copy logistics competencies even though they are costly. On the other hand, for rivals to develop successful own-label brands, they have to find capable manufacturing or processing and packaging partners. Above all, they will require a brand that has already developed. Carrefour already enjoys a global reputation that does well in the UAE and this makes its own-label products serve as a distinctive competitive advantage that cannot be copied easily. Does the organization have a differentiation strategy? Carrefour does not have a differentiation strategy overall. Nevertheless, the company targets different customer segments with different product ranges and uses in-store displays to effect the strategy. Strategic alliances that can benefit the organization The beneficial strategic alliances that can benefit the company are with service providers and supply chain partners. Providers of various technologies for retail business management su ch as monitoring solutions for stock and employees can help maintain high quality services and keep costs low. Such solutions would be expensive for the retailer to develop on its own. A partner providing the services is the best option. Another beneficial alliance would be made between the retailer and real estate companies. This can ensure that Carrefour gets the first option to set up stores in upcoming mall developments in all the UAE cities and avoid the space shortage threat. Should the organization go global, why or why not and how will this be achieved Already Carrefour is a global company, and its UAE subsidiary is one of the outlets in the Middle East. Expansion into more countries can come through partnerships, where local businesses provide resources while the retailer offers the brand and operation capabilities. Major problems or potential problems the organization should address Currently, Carrefour needs to address the lack of adequate marketing of its online shopping option. It must also come up with a long-term strategy of dealing with high cost of labor as it threatens to cut the profit margin and affect the business’ strategy for winning the low-end income market segment (Hubbard para. 3). The company also lacks a counter strategy for dealing with the onslaught of company branded stores that are setting up in malls throughout the UAE to target high-end customers with their branded consumer products mainly in the electronics and computers sectors. Many of the products in the category allow Carrefour to earn a high profit margin and losing the business segment would be catastrophic to its store’s performance. Recommendations for Carrefour Carrefour has to expand its investments in technology as a way to cut its reliance on staffs. With a shrink in current staff numbers or a freeze on hiring of new staff, the business will be able to manage its labor costs in the medium term. In addition, the company has to identify a real estate partner that has significant investment in retail business spaces in attractive locations in the UAE. Such a partner will enable Carrefour to expand rapidly. As a joint venture in the UAE, the business currently is in a position to use its local business networks to find more partners for achieving its objectives. Given that the business already enjoys considerable power over its suppliers, it can continue bargaining for discounts and other favorable trade terms that let it extend price bargains to its customers to stop them from moving to the branded stores that are threatening the dominance of Carrefour. Works Cited Carrefour UAE. About US. 2015. Web. Hubbard, Alison. Employment Issues in the UAE. 2012. Web. Oxford Business Group. Demand Strong for Abu Dhabi Retail Space. 2015. Web. Salma, Samir. â€Å"UAE Bans Non-biodegradable Plastic Products.† Gulfnews.com, 2013. Web. Scott, Andrew. â€Å"Dubai Builders Turn to Community Malls Anchored on Food Retailers Geant and Carre four.† The National Business,  2014. Web. This report on Carrefour Strategic Management was written and submitted by user Annabella K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pachyrhinosaurus Facts and Figures

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Terrorism and Globalization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Research Proposal - Assignment Example Why the difference in that, because logically as the millers make profit the farmers should also enjoy from the profit. Does it mean that the millers are behind the rise in the poverty level of the farmers or the farmers are the source to there poverty. The millers should always be in support of the farmers, this is because farmers need to be motivated to increase the amount off the cane production and this intern will lead to the millers’ increment in production. If the farmers are demoralized, they my opt for production of other food staffs hence may lead to the collapse of the sugar industries due to lack of raw material for production. The third argument is that the poverty experienced in the sugarcane farmers maybe as a result of the poor cane production skills (Evenson and Pingali, 2009). Due to these, farmers may use huge amount of capital for sugarcane production but having little return during the harvesting, hence need to reduce the cost of cane production. However for this to be achieved, the need for the farmers and millers working together is very important which in most cases is not easy as millers are only determined in maximizing on the profit and not concerned of the wellbeing of the farmers. The Kenyan government should deploy extension officers at various regions in the sugar belt who should have an initiative of giving farmers the skills in sugarcane management and production. This may improve the quality and quantity of the cane being produced in the region hence intern reducing the poverty level of the sugarcane farmers. One argument that is to be analyzed in this research topic is the issue whether the millers should also be concerned with the wellbeing of the sugarcane farmers or just concentrate on profit maximization in the expenses of the farmers. It is always advisable that the millers should treat the farmers with grate importance as this will determine the amount of profit they make.

Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethics in Law Enforcement - Essay Example Corruption is a term that springs easily to mind when one thinks of how law enforcement is usually applied. Popular culture is full of references to corrupt policemen and lawyers, especially in terms of how the police are often represented in movies and television shows, and also in terms of the numerous articles on police abuse that may be found in newspapers and other periodical. Especially after the events of September 11, 2001, and the racist attacks on Muslims and other Asian minorities in America came into the news, there has been a lot of negative publicity for the way in which minorities are apparently abused by many law-enforcement agencies. All these examples represent myths about law enforcement that are often belied by statistics. However, there is also some basis in reality for such opinions. In addition, corruption undermines respect for the rule of law and for the democratic process that are the very core of our system of government. Controlling this evil successfully is a constant challenge for any government. Yet any government that does not devote itself to this effort is in danger of sowing the seeds of its own destruction. (p. xi) The authors suggest, therefore, that instead of identifying the law enforcement system with corruption, there is the need to recognize that even the law is trying to fight corruption within itself. Corrupt practices are not an inherent or integral part of the law enforcement system. Rather, it is something that has crept into the system and must be weeded out. The corruption of law enforcement agencies is illustrated by the two interviews that were conducted as part of this study. The first will be discussed in the context of corruption. This instance is related to an interview with a twenty-seven-year-old white American woman who was a victim of hazing during her freshman year at a university in the U.S. Cindy (not her real name) recollects that she and her friends were wary of the senior students, because the college had a history of a couple of violent episodes of hazing. Apparently, the school authorities had done nothing about it. Cindy describes the night when she and her friends were abused by a large group of older students. They were forced to drink alcohol, and some of the senior students even urinated into their glasses and forced their victims to drink from them. They were also made to perform demanding exercises such as push-ups for almost three hours, and compelled to run around the campus a number of times. They were also verbally abused, many of the insults being gender- or race-based. Shortly after the incident, Cindy and a friend went to the neighborhood police precinct to lodge a complaint about what had been done to them. "I couldn't believe it," Cindy says. "None of the cops were ready to listen to us. Two who did pumped us for the 'juicy' details and then burst out laughing." Cindy's experience reveals that public faith in law enforcement authorities has diminished based on their reputation for treating victims badly. Although this was an isolated incident, there have been many reported instances of police cover-ups in similar cases, even in instances where students were killed or seriously injured as a result of hazing. Another instance in which law enforcement a

Study Of Mobile Application Development

Study Of Mobile Application Development Nowadays all around the world have the explosive growth of the mobile application market has created a vast and complicated set of alternatives for developers because of an increasingly important role in everyones life. Consumers are migrating to Smartphone mobile devices that are Internet enabled for work and play and, most importantly, with family, friends and colleagues. The mobile software technology comprises a wide variety of platforms, technologies, and architecture choices. So it makes mobile application development easier and cost-effective. Application developers must address both business and technical issues in deciding which platforms to support. There are more than a dozen platforms for which developers can build applications. Research is in Googles Android and Apples iOS (short for iPhone Operating System). Research will directly to do a survey of application developers to understand their processes to decide the platform(s) for whom they would like to develop applicat ions and learn about the development processes. This research is trying to discover how and why Mobile Developers in processes to decide the platform(s) for whom they would like to develop applications and learn about the development processes. And will looking for the solution to improve their problem especially for who are interesting in a mobile application development. To answer the questions above, this research must explore: Both the business and technical factors are an important component to help developers make a decision on the technologies for mobile application development. Background of developers technical and the simplicity of development affect their selections of mobile platform(s). The impact of the developers attitudes in the technical or business drivers is dependent on the size of their organizations or their environments. Developers Attitude and developers openness toward the open source development is a factor of the decision for choosing development platform. Sub-Question What is the impact of business factors that help developers make a decision? What is the impact of technical factors that help developers make a decision? What is the impact of developers background that helps developers make a decision? What is the impact of the ease of development that helps developers make a decision? Significance of the Study The major dynamics of the mobile industry have morphed with such alacrity that keeping tabs on the various highs and lows of mobile application development has become a challenge for any mobile application developer. Mobile software development and mobile application development has seen its development initiatives branch out into two distinct segments typically known as the web based mobile application development and native mobile application development. Moreover, its the challenge for both developers and customers. By customers here I mean enterprises and organizations, because estimating the risks of mobile implementation projects is difficult due to mobile platforms variety. The difference between mobile and desktop applications is the challenge for customers and developers, because lots of things, starting from user design and finishing with implementation, are different for PCs and mobile devices. UI design and the size of applications for mobile devices are another challenge, for mobile doesnt allow big pictures sizes and, on the whole, big sizes of apps. Besides, there is a lack of unique development environments. But thats again about multiple platforms and the difficulty in providing interoperability. Nevertheless, mobile application development is on the rise. App Store that proved to become a new business model on the market has opened the door for the similar market models mobile developers are going to get access to very soon.   Research in Googles Android and Apples App store is to widen the market of mobile applications. Research Design and Methodology This research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. This paper focuses on the review and comparison of the most popular mobile application development platforms with respect to technical issues, application development, capabilities, constraints and market success. The comparison is based on experiences gained by research pursued at the authors laboratory, review of literature/technology white papers and blogs related to mobile applications development platforms. Most importantly, the comparison is based on the ground of experiences gained throughout the development of a case study application implemented on all reviewed application platforms and reports collected from an online survey (participants have been mobile application developers with hand-on experience on the reviewed application platforms). Organization of the Study This study is organized into four chapters as follows: Chapter 1 Introduction: This chapter states the process of how to decide the platform(s), for who they would like to develop applications, states the research question, identified the significance of the study, and explains the research design used to answer the question. Chapter 2 Context of the Problem: This chapter explain how and what is make Googles Android and Apples iOS different and also provides an overview of the literature regarding the problem and shows how to practices in creating mobile applications and finding the balance of the long-term challenges. Chapter 3 A Research Agenda for Mobile Application development This chapter including the pragmatic, with the guidelines and pieces of sample code as example. And identify some of the promising areas for software engineering research related to development of mobile applications. Chapter 4 Summary and Conclusion: This chapter is only a part of the research topics in software engineering for mobile applications, but serves for the emerging field to indicate the breadth of research needs and opportunities. Chapter 2 Context of the Problem Introduction Nowadays, there exist numerous development platforms for mobile devices; including native environments (Googles Android, Apples iOS, Blackberry, Symbian, Palm OS, etc) and web based mobile application. This section will try to discuss the most important characteristics of platform environments for mobile devices (mainly Googles Android and Apples iOS), which currently enjoy the largest developers and deployment base: Googles Android and Apples iOS. The reasons are different for every software company. Some prefer the technology that Apple offers and also some prefer the technology that Android offers, which other competitors dont offer. Others prefer the iPhones built-in payment platform. Others note cant support high-end graphics. Googles Android Googles Android has been launched in 2007, devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Android is an Apache free-software platform with open- source licensed for mobile devices based on Linux. It essentially comprises a software stack for mobile devices that includes an OS, middleware and key applications. Android is a Linux based open source operating system, which has JAVA library (similar to SE). And it is a robot or synthetic organism. Android is a total operating based environment and a modified version of Linux kernel. Android is a bundle of software for Smartphone and mobile devices, which include key applications. Android Application Development provides strategic advantage by possessing skills, knowledge and expertise in Android Development Services. The Android mobile phone market is growing at an impressive rate of 32 per cent every month, with new handsets being released all the time. Industry experts believe the boom owes much to the popularity of the Motorola Droid, MotoBLUR, certain HTC models, and the openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ source nature of the OS. Apples iOS Up to now, Apple has released four versions of the iPhone. The first was initially introduced on January 9, 2007. Its successor, the iPhone3G was revealed on July 9, 2008. The iPhone3G was including the original six; in 8GB and 16GB models, with the larger capacity version having the option of being in black or white. The iPhone 3G added 3G cellular network capabilities and A-GPS location. The iPhone 3GS was releases on June 19, 2009  (2009-06-19). The iPhone 3GS added a compass, faster processor, and higher resolution camera, including video. The iPhone 4 has two cameras for FaceTime video calling and a higher-resolution display. It was released on June 24, 2010. The iPhone is one of the few devices that have its very own operating system. This means that there is a maximization of the software-hardware compatibility. There are 3 key components to be able to develop for the iPhone. The first is the knowledge of the programmer, mainly focused on the programming languages. A decent knowledge of objective-c, basic c++ and XML is needed to independently create a standalone application for the iPhone. However, these languages are well-known and we can find many tutorial books and online tutorial. Summary

Malcom Xs A Homemade Education Essay -- Papers

Malcom X's A Homemade Education Malcom X's "A Homemade Education" tells a story of how he gained knowledge by himself and how it guided his thoughts and ideas. Reading also molded his political views. Although Malcom X is a very outspoken person about racism in America, and throughout the world, I find that he has a right to be angry, but goes a little overboard on blaming whites. The story begins when Malcom is in jail and is given a book that he cannot understand because he can't read. This angered him a little and sparked a fire inside of him to learn how to read and write. Soon thereafter he went to the library in the jail and checked out a dictionary. He began to copy the whole dictionary learning word after word that he wrote. Upon completion of the dictionary, he started to read anything he could get his hands on. No matter what time it was, Malcom was reading. Despite being in jail, he felt as free as he ever could be. Reading and the ability to learn is what made him feel this way. After becoming a more educated man, he began to study the teachings of Muhamma...